Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in older men. It means the prostate gland grows larger than normal. Although BPH is not cancer, it can cause uncomfortable symptoms. The prostate sits below the bladder and surrounds the tube that carries urine out of the body. As the prostate grows, it can press on this tube. Because of this, men may have trouble urinating. BPH is also called an enlarged prostate. Many men over age 50 experience some signs of BPH. However, not all men with BPH need treatment.

Common Symptoms of BPH

Many men notice changes in urination as they age. For example, BPH can cause:

Frequent need to urinate, especially at night

Weak or slow urine stream

Difficulty starting to urinate

Feeling like the bladder is not empty

Stopping and starting while urinating

Dribbling at the end of urination

Sometimes, symptoms are mild. But for some men, they can affect daily life. If you notice these signs, it is important to talk to a doctor. Early care can help prevent problems.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact cause of BPH. However, several factors increase the risk:

Age: BPH is rare before age 40 but common after age 50

Family history: Having a close relative with BPH raises your risk

Lifestyle: Obesity and lack of exercise may increase risk

Medical conditions: Diabetes and heart disease are linked to BPH

Hormone changes: Changes in male hormones as men age may play a role

Because these risk factors are common, many men develop BPH as they get older. Still, not everyone will have symptoms.

How is BPH Diagnosed?

Doctors use several steps to diagnose BPH. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they may do a physical exam, including a digital rectal exam to check the size of your prostate. In addition, your doctor may order tests such as:

Urine tests to rule out infection or other problems

Blood tests to check kidney function

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test to screen for prostate issues

Ultrasound to measure the prostate

Urine flow study to see how well you empty your bladder

These tests help your doctor decide if BPH or another condition is causing your symptoms. Early diagnosis can lead to better outcomes.

Treatment Options for BPH

Treatment for BPH depends on how severe your symptoms are. Sometimes, mild symptoms need only regular check-ups. However, if symptoms bother you, several options are available:

Medical Treatments

Alpha-blockers: These medicines relax the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck. As a result, urine flows more easily.

5-alpha reductase inhibitors: These drugs shrink the prostate over time. They work best for larger prostates.

Combination therapy: Sometimes, doctors use both types of medicine together.

Surgical Treatments

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP): The doctor removes part of the prostate through the urethra.

Laser therapy: A laser destroys extra prostate tissue.

Other procedures: Newer treatments use heat, steam, or implants to open the urine flow.

Your doctor will help you choose the best option based on your health and symptoms. For some men, surgery offers long-term relief.

Lifestyle Tips for Managing BPH

Simple changes can help manage BPH symptoms. For example:

Limit drinks in the evening, especially caffeine and alcohol

Go to the bathroom regularly, even if you do not feel the urge

Stay active with regular exercise

Eat a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables

Avoid medicines that can make symptoms worse, such as some cold medicines

Because these steps are easy to follow, many men find them helpful. However, always talk to your doctor before making changes.

Prevention and When to See a Doctor

While you cannot always prevent BPH, healthy habits may lower your risk. For instance, staying at a healthy weight and being active can help. In addition, regular check-ups are important as you age. If you notice any changes in urination, see your doctor soon. Early care can prevent complications like bladder infections or kidney problems. If you have pain, blood in your urine, or cannot urinate, seek help right away.

Conclusion

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in older men. Although it is not cancer, it can cause bothersome symptoms. Many treatment options are available, from medicines to surgery. Lifestyle changes can also help manage symptoms. For the best care, consult a healthcare specialist for personalized advice on BPH.